VIM学习笔记 网页开发-输入字符实体(Input Character Entity)

字符实体（Character Entity），也称为转义字符串（Escape Sequence），主要用于在HTML代码中，输入如“<”和“>”等标签关键字，以及如“©”等在ASCII字符集中没有定义的需要转义的特殊符号。当解释程序遇到此类字符串时，将会解释并在网页中显示为真实的字符。

对于同一个字符实体，可以使用名称和数字两种引用方式。

名称引用方式为&name;，并且严格区分大小写。比如α代表小写希腊字母“α”；而Α则代表大写希腊字母“Α”。

数字引用，又可以使用十进制（decimal）和十六进制（hexadecimal）两种格式。十进制引用格式为&#number;。十六进制引用格式为&#xnumber;。例如©和©均代表版权符号“©”。

关于字符实体的更多信息，请参考Character Entity Reference。

HTML-Editor插件

我在Christian J Robinson开发的HTML插件的基础之上，制作了HTML-Editor插件，通过快捷键和菜单项来提高编写HTML代码的效率，并提供代码模板、色彩选择和网页预览等功能。

在插入模式下，使用以&开头的快捷键，可以自动输入相对应的字符实体。例如点击&&快捷键，将自动扩展为“&”：

通过在载入插件之前设置g:html_map_entity_leader变量，可以指定其它前缀键：

:let g:html_map_entity_leader = '\'

您也可以在HTML->Character Entities菜单中选择输入字符实体：

以下表格将列出字符实体的名称和数字代码，以及在HTML-Editor插件中定义的快捷键。请注意：

• 除非在描述中指明HTML5，否则均是在HTML4中的定义；
• 如果快捷键列为空，则说明插件中并没有定义相应的快捷键；
• 如果Entity列为空，则说明该字符并没有名称，而只能使用数字引用格式。

特殊实体

字符	描述	Entity	Decimal	Hex	快捷键
	non-breaking space	&nbsp;	&#160;	&#xA0;	&<space>
"	quotation mark = APL quote	&quot;	&#34;	&#x22;	&'
&	ampersand	&amp;	&#38;	&#x26;	&&
<	less-than sign	&lt;	&#60;	&#x3C;	&<
>	greater-than sign	&gt;	&#62;	&#x3E;	&>
™	trade mark sign	&trade;	&#8482;	&#x2122;	&tm
¡	inverted exclamation mark	&iexcl;	&#161;	&#xA1;	&!
¢	cent sign	&cent;	&#162;	&#xA2;	&c|
£	pound sign	&pound;	&#163;	&#xA3;	&#
¥	yen sign = yuan sign	&yen;	&#165;	&#xA5;	&Y=
€	euro sign	&euro;	&#8364;	&#x20AC;	&E=
¦	broken vertical bar	&brvbar;	&#166;	&#xA6;	&bb
§	section sign	&sect;	&#167;	&#xA7;	&se
¨	diaeresis = spacing diaeresis	&uml;	&#168;	&#xA8;	&_"
©	copyright sign	&copy;	&#169;	&#xA9;	&cO
®	registered trade mark sign	&reg;	&#174;	&#xAE;	&rO
µ	micro sign	&micro;	&#181;	&#xB5;	&mi
¶	pilcrow sign = paragraph sign	&para;	&#182;	&#xB6;	&pa
·	middle dot = Georgian comma	&middot;	&#183;	&#xB7;	&.
¿	inverted/turned question mark	&iquest;	&#191;	&#xBF;	&?

箭头符号

字符	描述	Entity	Decimal	Hex	快捷键
←	leftwards single arrow	←	←	←	&la
↑	upwards single arrow	↑	↑	↑	&ua
→	rightwards single arrow	→	→	→	&ra
↓	downwards single arrow	↓	↓	↓	&da
↔	left right single arrow	↔	↔	↔	&ha
↵	carriage return	↵	↵	↵	&cr
⇐	leftwards double arrow	⇐	⇐	⇐	&lA
⇑	upwards double arrow	⇑	⇑	⇑	&uA
⇒	rightwards double arrow	⇒	⇒	⇒	&rA
⇓	downwards double arrow	⇓	⇓	⇓	&dA
⇔	left right double arrow	⇔	⇔	⇔	&hA

标点符号

字符	描述	Entity	Decimal	Hex	快捷键
–	en dash	–	–	–	&n-
—	em dash	—	—	—	&m-
‘	left single quotation mark	‘	‘	‘
’	right single quotation mark	’	’	’
‚	single low-9 quotation mark	‚	‚	‚
“	left double quotation mark	“	“	“	&ld
”	right double quotation mark	”	”	”	&rd
„	double low-9 quotation mark	„	„	„
†	dagger	†	†	†
‡	double dagger	‡	‡	‡
‰	per mille sign	‰	‰	‰
‹	single left angle quotation mark	‹	‹	‹
›	single right angle quotation mark	›	›	›
•	bullet = black small circle	•	•	•	&*
…	horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader	…	…	…	&3.
«	left double angle quotation mark	&laquo;	&#171;	&#xAB;	&2<
»	right double angle quotation mark	&raquo;	&#187;	&#xBB;	&2>
′	prime = minutes = feet	&prime;	&#8242;	&#x2032;
″	double prime = seconds = inches	&Prime;	&#8243;	&#x2033;
‾	overline = spacing overscore	&oline;	&#8254;	&#x203E;
⁄	fraction slash	&frasl;	&#8260;	&#x2044;

希腊字母

字符	描述	Entity	Decimal	Hex	快捷键
Α	Greek capital letter alpha	Α	Α	Α	&Al
Β	Greek capital letter beta	Β	Β	Β	&Be
Γ	Greek capital letter gamma	Γ	Γ	Γ	&Ga
Δ	Greek capital letter delta	Δ	Δ	Δ	&De
Ε	Greek capital letter epsilon	Ε	Ε	Ε	&Ep
Ζ	Greek capital letter zeta	Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	&Ze
Η	Greek capital letter eta	Η	Η	Η	&Et
Θ	Greek capital letter theta	Θ	Θ	Θ	&Th
Ι	Greek capital letter iota	Ι	Ι	Ι	&Io
Κ	Greek capital letter kappa	Κ	Κ	Κ	&Ka
Λ	Greek capital letter lambda	Λ	Λ	Λ	&Lm
Μ	Greek capital letter mu	Μ	Μ	Μ	&Mu
Ν	Greek capital letter nu	Ν	Ν	Ν	&Nu
Ξ	Greek capital letter xi	Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	&Xi
Ο	Greek capital letter omicron	Ο	Ο	Ο	&Oc
Π	Greek capital letter pi	Π	Π	Π	&Pi
Ρ	Greek capital letter rho	Ρ	Ρ	Ρ	&Rh
Σ	Greek capital letter sigma	Σ	Σ	Σ	&Si
Τ	Greek capital letter tau	Τ	Τ	Τ	&Ta
Υ	Greek capital letter upsilon	Υ	Υ	Υ	&Up
Φ	Greek capital letter phi	Φ	Φ	Φ	&Ph
Χ	Greek capital letter chi	Χ	Χ	Χ	&Ch
Ψ	Greek capital letter psi	Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	&Ps
Ω	Greek capital letter omega	Ω	Ω	Ω	&Og
α	Greek small letter alpha	α	α	α	&al
β	Greek small letter beta	β	β	β	&be
γ	Greek small letter gamma	γ	γ	γ	&ga
δ	Greek small letter delta	δ	δ	δ	&de
ε	Greek small letter epsilon	ε	ε	ε	&ep
ζ	Greek small letter zeta	ζ	ζ	ζ	&ze
η	Greek small letter eta	η	η	η	&et
θ	Greek small letter theta	θ	θ	θ	&th
ι	Greek small letter iota	ι	ι	ι	&io
κ	Greek small letter kappa	κ	κ	κ	&ka
λ	Greek small letter lambda	λ	λ	λ	&lm
μ	Greek small letter mu	μ	μ	μ	&mu
ν	Greek small letter nu	ν	ν	ν	&nu
ξ	Greek small letter xi	ξ	ξ	ξ	&xi
ο	Greek small letter omicron	ο	ο	ο	&oc
π	Greek small letter pi	π	π	π	&pi
ρ	Greek small letter rho	ρ	ρ	ρ	&rh
ς	Greek small letter final sigma	ς	ς	ς	&sf
σ	Greek small letter sigma	σ	σ	σ	&si
τ	Greek small letter tau	τ	τ	τ	&ta
υ	Greek small letter upsilon	υ	υ	υ	&up
φ	Greek small letter phi	φ	φ	φ	&ph
χ	Greek small letter chi	χ	χ	χ	&ch
ψ	Greek small letter psi	ψ	ψ	ψ	&ps
ω	Greek small letter omega	ω	ω	ω	&og
ϑ	Greek small letter theta symbol	ϑ	ϑ	ϑ	&ts
ϒ	Greek upsilon with hook symbol	ϒ	ϒ	ϒ	&uh
ϖ	Greek pi symbol	ϖ	ϖ	ϖ	&pv

拉丁字母

字符	描述	Entity	Decimal	Hex	快捷键
Š	Latin capital letter S with caron	Š	Š	Š	&Sc
Ÿ	Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis	Ÿ	Ÿ	Ÿ	&Y"
À	Latin capital letter A with grave	À	À	À	&A`
Á	Latin capital letter A with acute	Á	Á	Á	&A'
Â	Latin capital letter A with circumflex	Â	Â	Â	&A^
Ã	Latin capital letter A with tilde	Ã	Ã	Ã	&A~
Ä	Latin capital letter A with diaeresis	Ä	Ä	Ä	&A"
Å	Latin capital letter A with ring above	Å	Å	Å	&Ao
Æ	Latin capital letter AE	Æ	Æ	Æ	&AE
Ç	Latin capital letter C with cedilla	Ç	Ç	Ç	&C,
È	Latin capital letter E with grave	È	È	È	&E`
É	Latin capital letter E with acute	É	É	É	&E'
Ê	Latin capital letter E with circumflex	Ê	Ê	Ê	&E^
Ë	Latin capital letter E with diaeresis	Ë	Ë	Ë	&E"
Ì	Latin capital letter I with grave	Ì	Ì	Ì	&I`
Í	Latin capital letter I with acute	Í	Í	Í	&I'
Î	Latin capital letter I with circumflex	Î	Î	Î	&I^
Ï	Latin capital letter I with diaeresis	Ï	Ï	Ï	&I"
Ð	Latin capital letter ETH	Ð	Ð	Ð
Ñ	Latin capital letter N with tilde	Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	&N~
Ò	Latin capital letter O with grave	Ò	Ò	Ò	&O`
Ó	Latin capital letter O with acute	Ó	Ó	Ó	&O'
Ô	Latin capital letter O with circumflex	Ô	Ô	Ô	&O^
Õ	Latin capital letter O with tilde	Õ	Õ	Õ	&O~
Ö	Latin capital letter O with diaeresis	Ö	Ö	Ö	&O"
Ø	Latin capital letter O with stroke	Ø	Ø	Ø	&O/
Ù	Latin capital letter U with grave	Ù	Ù	Ù	&U`
Ú	Latin capital letter U with acute	Ú	Ú	Ú	&U'
Û	Latin capital letter U with circumflex	Û	Û	Û	&U^
Ü	Latin capital letter U with diaeresis	Ü	Ü	Ü	&U"
Ý	Latin capital letter Y with acute	Ý	Ý	Ý	&Y'
Þ	Latin capital letter THORN	Þ	Þ	Þ
š	Latin small letter s with caron	š	š	š	&sc
ß	Latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed	ß	ß	ß	&sz
à	Latin small letter a with grave	à	à	à	&a`
á	Latin small letter a with acute	á	á	á	&a'
â	Latin small letter a with circumflex	â	â	â	&a^
ã	Latin small letter a with tilde	ã	ã	ã	&a~
ä	Latin small letter a with diaeresis	ä	ä	ä	&a"
å	Latin small letter a with ring above	å	å	å	&ao
æ	Latin small letter ae	æ	æ	æ	&ae
ç	Latin small letter c with cedilla	ç	ç	ç	&c,
è	Latin small letter e with grave	è	è	è	&e`
é	Latin small letter e with acute	é	é	é	&e'
ê	Latin small letter e with circumflex	ê	ê	ê	&e^
ë	Latin small letter e with diaeresis	ë	ë	ë	&e"
ì	Latin small letter i with grave	ì	ì	ì	&i`
í	Latin small letter i with acute	í	í	í	&i'
î	Latin small letter i with circumflex	î	î	î	&i^
ï	Latin small letter i with diaeresis	ï	ï	ï	&i"
ð	Latin small letter eth	ð	ð	ð
ñ	Latin small letter n with tilde	ñ	ñ	ñ	&n~
ò	Latin small letter o with grave	ò	ò	ò	&o`
ó	Latin small letter o with acute	ó	ó	ó	&o'
ô	Latin small letter o with circumflex	ô	ô	ô	&o^
õ	Latin small letter o with tilde	õ	õ	õ	&o~
ö	Latin small letter o with diaeresis	ö	ö	ö	&o"
ø	Latin small letter o with stroke	ø	ø	ø	&o/
ù	Latin small letter u with grave	ù	ù	ù	&u`
ú	Latin small letter u with acute	ú	ú	ú	&u'
û	Latin small letter u with circumflex	û	û	û	&u^
ü	Latin small letter u with diaeresis	ü	ü	ü	&u"
ý	Latin small letter y with acute	ý	ý	ý	&y'
ÿ	Latin small letter y with diaeresis	ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	&y"
þ	Latin small letter thorn	þ	þ	þ

罗马数字

字符	描述	Entity	Decimal	Hex	快捷键
Ⅰ	Roman Numeral One		Ⅰ	Ⅰ	&R1
Ⅱ	Roman Numeral Two		Ⅱ	Ⅱ	&R2
Ⅲ	Roman Numeral Three		Ⅲ	Ⅲ	&R3
Ⅳ	Roman Numeral Four		Ⅳ	Ⅳ	&R4
Ⅴ	Roman Numeral Five		Ⅴ	Ⅴ	&R5
Ⅵ	Roman Numeral Six		Ⅵ	Ⅵ	&R6
Ⅶ	Roman Numeral Seven		Ⅶ	Ⅶ	&R7
Ⅷ	Roman Numeral Eight		Ⅷ	Ⅷ	&R8
Ⅸ	Roman Numeral Nine		Ⅸ	Ⅸ	&R9
Ⅹ	Roman Numeral Ten		Ⅹ	Ⅹ	&R10
Ⅺ	Roman Numeral Eleven		Ⅺ	Ⅺ	&R11
Ⅻ	Roman Numeral Twelve		Ⅻ	Ⅻ	&R12
Ⅼ	Roman Numeral Fifty		Ⅼ	Ⅼ	&R50
Ⅽ	Roman Numeral One Hundred		Ⅽ	Ⅽ	&R100
Ⅾ	Roman Numeral Five Hundred		Ⅾ	Ⅾ	&R500
Ⅿ	Roman Numeral One Thousand		Ⅿ	Ⅿ	&R1000
ⅰ	Small Roman Numeral One		ⅰ	ⅰ	&r1
ⅱ	Small Roman Numeral Two		ⅱ	ⅱ	&r2
ⅲ	Small Roman Numeral Three		ⅲ	ⅲ	&r3
ⅳ	Small Roman Numeral Four		ⅳ	ⅳ	&r4
ⅴ	Small Roman Numeral Five		ⅴ	ⅴ	&r5
ⅵ	Small Roman Numeral Six		ⅵ	ⅵ	&r6
ⅶ	Small Roman Numeral Seven		ⅶ	ⅶ	&r7
ⅷ	Small Roman Numeral Eight		ⅷ	ⅷ	&r8
ⅸ	Small Roman Numeral Nine		ⅸ	ⅸ	&r9
ⅹ	Small Roman Numeral Ten		ⅹ	ⅹ	&r10
ⅺ	Small Roman Numeral Eleven		ⅺ	ⅺ	&r11
ⅻ	Small Roman Numeral Twelve		ⅻ	ⅻ	&r12
ⅼ	Small Roman Numeral Fifty		ⅼ	ⅼ	&r50
ⅽ	Small Roman Numeral One Hundred		ⅽ	ⅽ	&r100
ⅾ	Small Roman Numeral Five Hundred		ⅾ	ⅾ	&r500
ⅿ	Small Roman Numeral OneThousand		ⅿ	ⅿ	&r1000

数学符号

字符	描述	Entity	Decimal	Hex	快捷键
°	degree sign	°	°	°	&dg
±	plus-minus sign	±	±	±	&+-
×	multiplication sign	×	×	×	&x
÷	division sign	÷	÷	÷	&/
∼	tilde = varies with = similar to	∼	∼	∼
≅	approximately equal to	≅	≅	≅
≈	almost equal to = asymptotic to	≈	≈	≈
≠	not equal to	≠	≠	≠
≡	identical to	≡	≡	≡
≤	less-than or equal to	≤	≤	≤
≥	greater-than or equal to	≥	≥	≥
⊂	subset of	⊂	⊂	⊂
⊃	superset of	⊃	⊃	⊃
⊄	not a subset of	⊄	⊄	⊄
⊆	subset of or equal to	⊆	⊆	⊆
⊇	superset of or equal to	⊇	⊇	⊇
⊕	circled plus = direct sum	⊕	⊕	⊕
⊗	circled times = vector product	⊗	⊗	⊗
⊥	up tack = orthogonal/perpendicular	⊥	⊥	⊥
⋅	dot operator	⋅	⋅	⋅
∀	for all	∀	∀	∀
∂	partial differential	∂	∂	∂
∃	there exists	∃	∃	∃
∅	empty set = null set = diameter	∅	∅	∅
∇	nabla = backward difference	∇	∇	∇
∈	element of	∈	∈	∈
∉	not an element of	∉	∉	∉
∋	contains as member	∋	∋	∋
∏	n-ary product = product sign	∏	∏	∏
∑	n-ary sumation	∑	∑	∑
−	minus sign	−	−	−
∗	asterisk operator	∗	∗	∗
√	square root = radical sign	√	√	√
∝	proportional to	∝	∝	∝
∞	infinity	∞	∞	∞
∠	angle	∠	∠	∠
∧	logical and = wedge	∧	∧	∧
∨	logical or = vee	∨	∨	∨
∩	intersection = cap	∩	∩	∩
∪	union = cup	∪	∪	∪
∫	integral	∫	∫	∫
∴	therefore	∴	∴	∴
¹	superscript digit one	¹	¹	¹	&1^
²	superscript digit two = squared	²	²	²	&2^
³	superscript digit three = cubed	³	³	³	&3^
ƒ	Latin small f with hook = function	ƒ	ƒ	ƒ	&fn
¼	vulgar fraction one quarter	¼	¼	¼	&14
½	vulgar fraction one half	½	½	½	&12
¾	vulgar fraction three quarters	¾	¾	¾	&34
⅓	vulgar fraction one third (HTML5)	⅓	⅓	⅓	&13
⅔	vulgar fraction two thirds (HTML5)	⅔	⅔	⅔	&23
⅕	vulgar fraction one fifth (HTML5)	⅕	⅕	⅕	&15
⅖	vulgar fraction two fifths (HTML5)	⅖	⅖	⅖	&25
⅗	vulgar fraction three fifths (HTML5)	⅗	⅗	⅗	&35
⅘	vulgar fraction four fifths (HTML5)	⅘	⅘	⅘	&45
⅙	vulgar fraction one sixth (HTML5)	⅙	⅙	⅙	&16
⅚	vulgar fraction five sixths (HTML5)	⅚	⅚	⅚	&56
⅛	vulgar fraction one eigth (HTML5)	⅛	⅛	⅛	&18
⅜	vulgar fraction three eigths (HTML5)	⅜	⅜	⅜	&38
⅝	vulgar fraction five eigths (HTML5)	⅝	⅝	⅝	&58
⅞	vulgar fraction seven eigths (HTML5)	⅞	⅞	⅞	&78

其它符号

字符	描述	Entity	Decimal	Hex	快捷键
	en space	 	 	 
	em space	 	 	 
	thin space	 	 	 
‌	zero width non-joiner	‌	‌	‌
‍	zero width joiner	‍	‍	‍
‎	left-to-right mark	‎	‎	‎
‏	right-to-left mark	‏	‏	‏
ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent	ˆ	ˆ	ˆ
˜	small tilde	˜	˜	˜
℘	script capital P = Weierstrass p	℘	℘	℘
ℑ	blackletter capital I = imaginary part	ℑ	ℑ	ℑ
ℜ	blackletter capital R = real part	ℜ	ℜ	ℜ
ℵ	alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal	ℵ	ℵ	ℵ
⌈	left ceiling = APL upstile	⌈	⌈	⌈
⌉	right ceiling	⌉	⌉	⌉
⌊	left floor = APL downstile	⌊	⌊	⌊
⌋	right floor	⌋	⌋	⌋
⟨	left-pointing angle bracket = bra	⟨	〈	〈
⟩	right-pointing angle bracket = ket	⟩	〉	〉
◊	lozenge	◊	◊	◊
♠	black spade suit	♠	♠	♠
♣	black club suit = shamrock	♣	♣	♣
♥	black heart suit = valentine	♥	♥	♥
♦	black diamond suit	♦	♦	♦

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